I know, I only just now finished it. I'm not very good at this (or fast), but there's only one way to get better (practice x 3) (or 30 !).
Ok, so I didn't finish the whole thing, because it will be a time intensive project. But this is really the only way I can think how to do this.
https://inkscapecommunity.com/jd/vids/rgr.mp4Note the part where I selected the original inner shapes and filled them with white. That means that that area won't be transparent. So if you need it to be transparent, it will probably involve even more work. So if you need that, let us know, and whoever is around can help.
Also, there is a way to make each bigger object the same amount larger each time, which I didn't go in to (because more tedious steps). So if you'e like to do that, let us know and we'll explain.
If you make each object bigger by a tiny amount, say 2 to 5 px, you wouldn't necessarily even need to blur it. Our human eyes sort of blur it for us, because the size is so close. Oh, well actually, that might even be the best way to approach it. Because it's the blur that's the reason filling the original shapes with white is necessary. If you don't use blurring, there's an easy way to make that area transparent. I can make the video part 2, if that's what you want to do.
Edit
Also note further that the process can be sped up quite a bit by using keyboard shortcuts. I use the menus and buttons to make it easier for newbies to understand (and also because I don't have a way to show which keys I'm using) (yet). But rather than going back and forth, switching from the Selection tool to the Node tool and back and all that, you can press a couple of keys to switch. Selection tool is the s key, Node tool is the n key.