Thanks for the answer, brynn.
About the filters being "bare metal"
Let's assume I'd like to reduce the saturation of a group of objects a bit, but not completely (so I cannot use the simple filter 'Desaturate').
Select group of Objects > Menu Filter > Filter Editor > Click 'Create New Filter' > Select Color Matrix from dropdown menu > Click 'Add Effect' > Select 'Saturation' from Effect parameters > Select Type 'Saturation'> Now I can adjust the saturation with the slider. (That's OK, but there is also a matrix where I can/have to enter values for a linear transformation in color space

)
Or If I want to make adjustments to Lightness / Contrast :
Select group of Objects > Menu Filter > Colour > Lightness Contrast > nothing happens, but wait ! - open filter editor ! > A Filter with four effects 'Flood, Blend, Composite, Composite' is created > Now I can edit Effect parameters > Composite Effect parameters have Operators "Over, In, Out, ATop, XOR, Arithmetic" with values "K1,K2,K3, K4" to set...
At this point I'm usually lost and start experimenting...
I don't want to sound negative - I'm a huge Inkscape fan and I actually like the filters and the possibility to edit them quite a bit - very powerful, nondestructive and I'm pretty sure they CAN do what I'm after. However, using the Filter editor feels like having to understand electrodynamics every time you turn on a blender
I think it would be nice to have the most common color corrections like Hue, Saturation, Lightness, Contrast,Levels (White, Black, Midtones) and maybe others available in a separate Menu
e.g. :
Select group of Objects > Menu 'Color' > Saturation/Hue/Lightness/Contrast/Levels > Adjust Saturation/Hue/Lightness/Contrast/Levels with a slider.
Will look into the Layer dialog...