So it's looking like my attempts to get the latest version of Inkscape installed or built on my CentOS7.2 box are not going to fly.

I only attempted this because I didn't see any way for the "default" inkscape on CentOS (version 0.48) to draw arrows, so I figured that perhaps that feature was in newer versions. However, I guess I'd better be sure I'm just not looking in the right place in 0.48. Does 0.48 have any way to draw arrows?

Markers in the stroke style tab may offer options...?

And of course you can always draw a custom arrow. Or even a custom arrow head marker. But it sounds like you want a ready-made arrow?

Sorry, but I need more information. Showing me a screenshot after you got into a particular mode doesn't tell me how you got into this mode.

I'd prefer to draw ready-made arrows, but custom arrows would be fine too. I'm just trying to figure out how to draw arrows. I still can't tell from this information.

For me, that stroke style tab is insensitive, so the sequence of events is obviously important.

Steps:

-- First draw the line part of the arrow. You can either use the Pen/Bezier tool or Pencil/Freehand tool. (The line doesn't need to be perfect, because you can still edit it later, if necessary).
-- Object menu > Fill and Stroke > Stroke Style tab

There, you will find Start Markers, Mid Markers, and End Markers (3 dropdown menus). You'll only need Start or End Markers (depending on whether you want the arrow head on the beginning end of the path, or where you ended the path) for arrows.

So anyway, click the dropdown menu and you'll see several different kinds of arrow heads. Just click the one that you want. If you happen to click the backwards arrow head the first time, just click the correct one and it will be replaced (as long as you have the path selected).

If you need the line part of the arrow to be wider, at the top of the Stroke Style tab is where you can adjust the Width. However, note the the marker becomes exponentially larger, as the path becomes wider. (I'm not sure why, but it might be a bug.) So to compensate, you'll need to use a smaller arrow head.

While there are several choices of arrow heads, I often find I need to make my own. Usually I just draw an arrow with the Pen/Bezier tool. But it is possible to make a custom arrow head marker. It depends on what you need for your project, but probably the whole custom arrow would be a little easier than installing a custom marker.

(Also, note that the Stroke Style tab of the Fill and Stroke dialog is slightly different, if you happen to upgrade to 0.91.)

This is very helpful, thanks.